Superlative

Present simple tense



present simple tense



The Present Simple is the most basic and common tense in the English language. It is also an interesting tense because it can express both the present and the future.

            

Structure  =   Suject + V1



Use

1.Facts and generalization

2.Habits and routines

3.Permanent situations

4.State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know)

5.Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change

6.Narrations (e.g. telling a story or a joke)

USE 1: Facts and Generalizations

The first and most important use of the Present Simple is to talk about things we believe are (or are not) true. It's also used to generalize about somebody or something.

                             Examples:   It is a big house.

·                                                        He talks a lot.

·                                                        Berlin is the capital city of Germany.

·                                                        Buenos Aires is a large city.

·                                                       The Elephant doesn't fly.

·                                                        Dogs don't smoke cigarettes.

·                                                        A dog is not large than an elephant

USE 2: Habits and Routines

We also use this tense to indicate that an activity is a habit or a routine.

                             Examples:    We leave for work at 7.30 every morning.

·                                                          Susan often meets with her friends after school.

·                                                          They usually play football on Sunday.

·                                                           Mark rarely visits his sick grandmother.

The Present Simple tense is often used with the frequency adverbs:

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency say how often an activity happens. We can use one word or a phrase.

     Examples:   always , often ,   never ,   frequently/often , usually ,   seldom/rarely nowadays ,  every week/year ,   sometimes/occasionally ,   from time to time

Here are a few examples of how to use them in sentences:

·                                   I always go to church on Sundays.

·                                   I never eat anything after 10 p.m.

USE 3: Pernament Situations

Use the Present Simple to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time.
                      Examples:

·                                     I live in Boston

·                                    He works as a fireman.

·                                    Margaret drives a Porshe.

                  Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool.

USE 4: State Verbs

You should use the Present Simple with state verbs.

        Examples:     I like swimming.

·                                                We know this man.

·                                                Margaret drives a Porshe.

·                                               Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool.

USE 5: Fixed / Official arrangements

Use the Present Simple to talk about events that we can't change (for example, an official meeting or a train departure).

                  Examples:   The meeting starts at 4 pm.

·                                              The train leaves at the noon.

·                                              When does the plane take off?

·                                              Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool.

USE 6: Narrations

The Present Simple is also used in narrations (e.g. to tell a story or a joke).
Examples:     A man goes to visit a friend and is amazed to find him playing chess with his dog. He watches the game in astonishment for a while

Preposition

         A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence. The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount. 

 

Some common prepositions are:

about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond but

by despite down during except for from in inside into like near of off on onto out

outside over past since through throughout till to toward under underneath until up upon with within without.

Prepositions typically come before a noun:

For example:

• after class
• at home
• before Tuesday
• in London
• on fire
• with pleasure

The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:

Prepositions of Time:

English	Usage	Example
on	days of the week	on Monday
in	months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)	in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour
at	for night for weekend a certain point of time(when?)	at night at the weekend at half past nine
since	from a certain point of time (past till now)	since 1980
for	over a certain period of time (past till now)	for 2 years
ago	a certain time in the past	2 years ago
before	earlier than a certain point of time	before 2004
to	telling the time	ten to six (5:50)
past	telling the time	ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until	marking the beginning and end of a period of time	from Monday to/till Friday
till / until	in the sense of how long something is going to last	He is on holiday until Friday.
by	in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time	I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions of Place:

English	Usage	Example
in	room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world	in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world
at	meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)	at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work
on	attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio	the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside	left or right of somebody or something	Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under	on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else	the bag is under the table
below	lower than something else but above ground	the fish are below the surface
over	covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle	put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall
above	higher than something else, but not directly over it	a path above the lake
across	getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side	walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through	something with limits on top, bottom and the sides	drive through the tunnel
to	movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed	go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into	enter a room / a building	go into the kitchen / the house
towards	movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)	go 5 steps towards the house
onto	movement to the top of something	jump onto the table
from	in the sense of where from	a flower from the garden

For example:

	against		He is standing against the window.
	down		She has jumped down the ground.
	in		She is flying in the sky.
	in		He is in the pool.
	into		The boy is jumping into the river.
	near		The man is standing near the sea.
	on		The boy is standing on the table.
	outside		The boy is jumping outsidethe window.
	over		She is jumping over the table.
	towards		She is jumping towards to the beach.
	under		The boy is under the tree
		ABOVE
		ACROSS FROM
		BEHIND
		BETWEEN
		DOWN
		IN
		IN FRONT OF
		INTO
		NEAR
		NEXT TO
		ON
		OUT OF
		OVER
		UNDER
		UP